MONKEY FOREST-UBUD
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Ubud Monkey Forest
is a nature reserve and temple complex in Ubud. Full name as written on the
welcome sign in Padangtegal
Mandala Wisata Wenara Wana (Sacred Monkey Forest Sanctuary). There are four
groups of monkeys each occupying different territories in the woods. The Sacred
Monkey Forest is a popular tourist attraction in Ubud, and is often visited by
more than 10,000 visitors per month. Forest consists of approximately 10ha or
27 acres and contains at least 115 different species. Monkey Forest in Ubud
there is Pura Dalem
Agung Padangtegal and another temple used for cremation ceremonial
processions. The Padangtegal Wenara Wana Foundation manages the Monkey Forest
and serves to maintain the sacred integrity and to promote the sacred site as a
destination for visitors...jpg)
Visitors
will see an interesting phenomenon from a variety of monkey’s obesity, evidence
of food supply almost limitless number of incoming tourists is provided in and
near the forest. The monkeys are always going to approach visitors in large
groups and will take every bag of food. They also can take a bag that does not
contain food. If requested easy meals provided will not naughty monkeys
usually, if not given the requested food quickly enough, one or more of the
monkeys will surely bite its owner. Many bites occur because people are not
fast enough to provide the desired food.
Monkey bites
in a very serious medical events is considering various monkey virus can be
transferred to humans. For example, herpes B virus is highly prevalent in apes
and often leads to death in humans. Given their aggressiveness appears to be
increasing, and the risk they pose to human health; there have been calls by
politicians to set aside apes Bali in Bali. This call has not been officially
accepted by the authorities.
Padangtegal Community Arts Village
Padangtegal
village tourism development basically using the concept of tourist culture. The
concept chosen by the consideration, that this village has the potential of
arts and culture. In addition, both of these are used as the main attraction
for tourists coming to make Padangtegal and interesting place to visit is the
monkey forest. For that reason, which is why every step to develop the tourist
industry is expected to care about arts and culture as we also make this
village asset. In addition, there is a moral obligation to have a policy to use
the potential of art and culture, take for example, to use architectural items,
souvenirs and promotional Bali.
MONKEYS
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The monkeys
within the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal commonly called long-tailed
macaques. Their scientific name is Macaca fascicuiaris.
This ape is found throughout Southeast Asia and many species of macaques live
successfully in areas that are heavily utilized by humans. In Bali, there are
long-tailed macaque troops who live in areas where they have little or no
contact with humans. However, despite the fact that many species of macaques
thrive in areas that are widely utilized by humans, there is evidence that the
viability of Balinese long-tailed macaques may depend on the conservation of
forest areas of Bali.
Currently,
there are approximately 605 (39 adult males, 38 male sub adult, 194 adult
females, 243 juvenile and 91 infants) Balinese long-tailed macaques that
inhabit the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal. However, the long-tailed
macaque excluding same forces. In fact, in the Sacred Monkey Forest, there are
4 different forces. Travelers tend to have a hard time identifying long-tailed
macaque troops were there in the Sacred Monkey Forest. One reason for this is
that this area, each occupying forces, especially within the confines of the
Sacred Monkey Forest changed from time to time. Changes in the range of each
force depends in part on the variation that occurs in the number of individuals
in each troop and the changes that occur in each troop composition.
As a
result of the conflict, it is not uncommon for troops to engage in violent
clashes. Although it is rare for an individual to maintain ape life-threatening
injuries as a result of taking part in clashes between troops, it is not
uncommon for monkeys to sustain wounds that leave permanent scars.
Throughout
Bali, Balinese long-tailed macaques tend to stay in the forest area. However,
long-tailed Balinese macaques, including those within the Sacred Monkey Forest
of Padangtegal, occasionally running into the fields or even rural areas
adjacent to the forest. Outside the forest, monkeys can become pests and Bali
tend to apply whatever means necessary to protect their crops and other
property. Long-tailed macaques Sacred Monkey Forest is the subject of ongoing research
project is being conducted by the Balinese Macaque Project. Balinese Macaque
Project involves researchers from the United States, Guam, and the University
of Udayana
(Bali, Indonesia). To date, the Balinese Macaque Project has conducted research
to determine the mating strategies, and migration patterns of the range,
dominance relationships, and habitat use of Balinese long-tailed macaques.
Balinese Macaque Project hopes that the research will facilitate the
development of conservation strategies for the long-tailed Balinese macaques
and sites like the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal.
CULTURAL
SIGNIFICANCE
In Hindu
Bali, the monkey could be a manifestation of the positive and negative forces.
Dual nature of monkey is mainly reflected in the Ramayana (an epic poem that is
very popular in India). In the Ramayana, Sita (Rama's beloved bride) is
kidnapped by Rahwana
(evil king). Rama (an incarnation of Lord Wisnu) call upon Sugriwa (the monkey
king) and Hanoman
to help him take Sita.
However, in the Ramayana,
there are also monkeys antagonists such as Subali who tried to
help Rahwana. In the end, Hanoman, along with the monkey army, defeat the evil
forces and help Rama to Rahwana took Sita.
Because
monkeys can realize the positive and negative forces, both hated and adored
monkeys Bali. Monkeys that occupy sacred Balinese Hindu temple sites (like
Sacred Monkey Forest) tend to be respected and protected by the Balinese. One
reason for this is that the monkeys, in the form of Barong, the temple is
believed to be able to keep the site against evil spirits (for additional
discussion on Barongs, see the chapter titled "gods, goddesses, AND
DEMONS"). However, Balinese belief that monkeys could be negative in
nature is reinforced when, for example, they invade fields or seize the goods
of souvenir shops.
MACAQUE
FAMILIES
Young
macaques were divided into 3 age groups. Young apes were aged between 0-6
months and have predominantly black hair color called 'baby first'. Young apes
were aged between 6-12 months old and has black hair on their heads called
'Infant 2'. Finally, the young ape who is between 1 to 3.5 years of age called
'Youth'. Mother monkeys can be very protective and tourists should always be
cautious when approaching a baby ape.
FOREST
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The presence
of sacred forest is a demonstration of the harmonious coexistence of humans and
nature. In Bali, sacred places like Monkey Forest in rural areas usually
sacred, often surrounded by temples. It is not only the asylum culture is an
important part of the heritage of Bali, but also an important part of everyday
life. Festival temple regularly organized villagers to the gods in the area.
A Balinese
temple is more than just a collection of pagodas and pavilions. The area
enclosed by the walls of the temple and the surrounding forest area is sacred.
This temple and the forest is very important to renew the relationship with the
spiritual world. Activities associated with this area are important in
maintaining harmony between man, nature and the cosmos. Not only ancestral
spirits and gods given offerings and prayers, but also the spirits of trees and
statues in the Monkey Forest are given offerings and prayers by stakeholders. .jpg)
Sacred
Monkey Forest Ubud, in conjunction with the Univeristy of Udayana in Denpasar
have identified 115 species of trees.
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Some of
these trees are considered sacred and used in a variety of spiritual practices
Bali. Examples include Majegan, which is used exclusively to build the temple;
or Berigin, whose leaves are used in the cremation ceremony.
Of
particular significance is the Pule Bandak, who embodies the spirit of the
forest trees, and is used in the manufacture of masks. This mask is only used
in the temple. Today both selected and Stakeholder ask permission from God to
cut off a small piece of wood. Thus the spirit remains embodied in the mask.
THE TEMPLE IN MONKEY FOREST
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Padangtegal
Ubud Monkey Forest is a sacred site of Hindu Bali. In trying to understand the
Hindu Balinese is important to remember that unlike the Hindu Balinese Hinduism
is practiced in other parts of the world today. Hindu Bali combines aspects of
animism, ancestor worship, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
Animism and Ancestor Worship
Some of the
first evidence of extensive human habitation around 2,500 BC in Bali Religion
Bali Aga (original Balinese) centered on both "Animism and Ancestor
Worship". Ancestor worship is the belief that prosperity is associated
with the relationship that exists between the living and the dead (prosperity
is something that can only be achieved through intense worship and obtainment of
the blessing of the ancestors). Animism is the belief that inanimate objects
and other elements of the natural landscape can have a soul that can help and
hinder the efforts of human beings on Earth.
It remains a
mystery as to whether or not the Bali Aga who once inhabited the site now known
as the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal. Currently, there are only a few
remaining Bali Aga village in Bali and none of them are in the vicinity of the
Sacred Monkey Forest. However, today many Balinese people believe that the gap
is very famous and forests to save the spirit of man and animals. This belief
may stem from the Bali Aga and Bali Aga suggested that the site might be
regarded as the Monkey Forest of Padangtegal be holy.
Hinduism and Buddhism
Around the
year 500, Hinduism and Buddhism began to arrive in Bali (trip aboard merchant
ships of India). Moreover, between the years 732 and 1478, Bali was conquered
by several Javanese Hindu kingdoms. An analysis of the Pura Purana (sacred
papyrus book that is a historical record for the temple) showed that a temple
was built on the site of the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal during the mid
14th century. It is possible that this temple was built by Pejeng Dynasty
(Dynasty Pejeng centered on Ubud Bali and conquered by the Majapahit kingdom in
1343) or there is a possibility that it was built by the Majapahit kingdom.
Majapahit Empire based on ancient Java, extended throughout the Indonesian
archipelago, and during the 1400s was attacked and eventually conquered by
Muslim military forces. Currently, the majority of Balinese claim to be
descendants of the Majapahit nobility exiled from Java to Bali (Majapahit
nobles exiled to Bali until the year 1478).
Besides Pura
Purana, unfortunately there is very little data that shows the current
structure of the historically constructed in Sacred Monkey Forest of
Padangtegal. It is possible that there are a number of temples and shrines in
the Sacred Monkey Forest is destroyed. In addition, the existing temple
structure contains a large number of historical renovations. Travelers are
often surprised to learn that many of the structures in the Sacred Monkey
Forest which seems very old, in fact a few years old. Wenara Wana staff members
do not replace the temple structure traveler confuses or deceive. Structure
usually replaced because the soft volcanic rock, which has historically been
used in the construction of the temple, tends to rapidly deteriorate in the
tropical climate of Bali. Also, the temple is maintained and utilized for
important religious ceremonies.
The doctrine
of basic Hindu concept of reincarnation or transfer involving the soul. All
living beings are believed to take part in reincarnation. After the death, how
an individual reincarnation, in terms of body or form, is determined by the
social caste system represents the steps on the ladder of universal and whether
or not individuals behave 'bad' or 'good'. Currently, there are 3 basic
Balinese Hindu caste (Brahmins or priests, knights or nobles, and Sudras or
Commoners). Balinese caste system further divides Saiwite Brahman to Brahman
(Brahmin-Shiva) and Mahayana Buddhist Brahmin (Brahmana-Buddha). Balinese Hindu
caste system nearly as rigid as his Indian counterpart. One reason for this is
that the Sudra (lower caste Balinese) exceeds the amount of the higher castes
of Bali nearly 10 to 1.
Buddhism was
founded by Gautama (Buddha), in northeastern India, around 560 BC As Hinduism,
Buddhism involves the fundamental doctrine of reincarnation. However, Gautama
founded the Buddhist religion primarily as a protest to the Indian caste
system. Gautama taught his followers that the man could be freed from the cycle
of endless reincarnation, by leaving the desires that create misery in the
world and by removing spiritual ignorance.
Puseh temple, Pura Desa and Pura Dalem
Currently,
most of the villages of Bali have 3 main temples. Puseh temple (temple of
origin) tend to be located at the north end of the village, associated with
Lord Wisnu, and is dedicated to remembering the founders of the village. Lord
Wisnu is also known as 'life support' because he has the ability to reincarnate
as an avatar (God-Man), moving freely between the gods of heaven and Earth than
humans, and it often appears to save the world by aligning to the divine.
Pura Desa
(village temple) tends to be located in the middle of the village, which is
associated with Lord Brahma. Brahma is also known as the 'creator' because it
is a reflection of the creative consciousness upon which both artistic
creativity (which is a very important part of Balinese villages) and the
creation itself was established.
Pura Dalem tends
to be located in the south end of the village, associated with Lord Siwa, and
have grave. Lord Siwa is also known as the 'melting' because its function is to
destroy the negative spiritual in the world. Lord Siwa preparing the dead
reincarnation by assessing whether or not someone is bad or good karma. Lord
Siwa destroys negative by punishing those who behave badly. Sacred Monkey
Forest Ubud is the location of Pura Dalem in Padangtegal.
Get an
exciting tour to visit other tourism object that close around the Monkey Forest
as: Ubud Royal Palace, Ceking Rice Terrace, Kintamani (Batur volcano and lake),
Batuan Temple, and The Balinese Traditional House.
By U.S. $ 45
you’ll get a tour of the above and include:
* Fully air-conditioned car with Free WiFi and accident insurance
* English Speaking Driver
* Entrance Ticket
* Buffet Lunch
* Soft Drink
For more
information Click: www.wirkaimade.wix.com/tusupbalimadetour1
or www.facebook.com / tusupbalimadetour and for direct booking wirkaimade@gmail.com
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